Volleyball
Founder of Volleyball:
William J. Morgan
The founder of volleyball is William J. Morgan, an American athlete who invented the sport in 1895 in Massachusetts, USA. He was looking for a game suitable for different fitness levels and created “mintonette” as a combination of basketball, baseball, tennis and handball.
Volleyball
General Information
There are several different versions of the game. The object of the game is to direct the ball over the net so that it touches the opponent’s area and prevent the opponent’s players from trying to do the same. To do this, the team must touch the ball no more than three times (or maybe one more time during the block).
The ball is put into play by serving: the serving player strikes the ball, directing it towards the opponent. The drawing of each ball continues until the ball lands on the court, goes out or violates the rules.
In volleyball, the team that wins the rally gets a point (one point per rally). When the serving team wins a rally, they receive a point and the right to serve, their players move one position clockwise.
Volleyball (English volleyball from volley – “volley”, “hit from the fly”, and ball – “ball”) is a sport, a team sports game, in the process of which two teams compete on a special court separated by a net, trying to direct the ball to the opponent’s side so that it lands on the opponent’s court (finish to the floor), or a player of the defending team makes a mistake. At the same time, in order to organize an attack, players of one team are given no more than three touches of the ball in a row (in addition to touches on the block). The central body of volleyball, as an international sport, which determines the compilation of FIVB (English) rules – the International Volleyball Federation. Volleyball has been an Olympic sport since 1964. Volleyball is a non-contact, combination sport where each player has a specialty on the court. The most important qualities for volleyball players are jumping for the ability to rise high above the net, reaction, coordination, physical strength for effective shots. For fans, volleyball is a common pastime and a way to relax due to the simplicity of the rules and the availability of equipment. There are numerous variations of volleyball that have branched off from the main sport, such as beach volleyball (Olympic sport since 1996), mini volleyball.
History
The origin of modern volleyball
The inventor of volleyball is considered to be William John Morgan, a physical education teacher at the Young Men’s Christian Association College (YMCA) in the city of Holyoke (Massachusetts, USA). On February 9, 1895, in the sports hall, he hung a tennis net at a height of 197 cm and his students, whose number on the court was not limited, began to throw a basketball over it. Morgan called the new game “Mintonet”. A year later, the game was demonstrated at the Young Christian Association College Conference in Springfield, and at the suggestion of Professor Alfred T. Galstead, the game was given a new name, “volleyball.” In 1897, the first volleyball rules were published. The general rules of the game were formed in 1915-1925. In the countries of America, Africa, Europe, volleyball was practiced with six players on the court, in Asia – with nine or twelve players on the 11×22 m court without changing the players’ positions during the match. In 1922, the first national competition was held, the YMCA Championships in Brooklyn, with 23 men’s teams. In the same year, the Federation of Basketball and Volleyball of Czechoslovakia was formed – the world’s first sports organization for volleyball. In the second half of the 1920s, the national federations of Bulgaria, the USSR, the USA and Japan emerged. During the same period, the main aspects of technique are formed – serve, receive, attack and block. On their basis, tactics of team actions arise. In the 1930s, the group block and insurance appeared, offensive and deceptive strikes varied. In 1936, at the congress of the International Handball Federation held in Stockholm, the delegation of Poland took the initiative to organize a volleyball technical committee as part of the handball federation. A commission was formed, which included 13 European countries, 5 American countries and 4 Asian countries. The members of this commission adopted the American rules as the main ones with minor changes: measurements were made in metric proportions, the ball could be touched with the whole body above the waist, after touching the ball on the block, the player was forbidden to touch again in a row, the height of the net for women – 224 cm, the serving area was strictly limited.
Several techniques in volleyball:
